This chapter deals with the fundamentals of gas-cleaning technology. There are several new equipments introduced by the working principles and general recommendations to remove particles, such as cyclones, wet electrostatic precipitators, fabric lifters, and scrubbers. Some newer fiber materials like high silia, polyphenylene sulfide, meta-aramid fabric, polyamide fiber, ceramic, and metal have been found to have better physical characteristics. Pressure loss is the new factor that comes into consideration. The up-to-date abatement methods include membranes, photocatalysis, low-temperature plasma method, electron beam irradiation, and gas discharge. In addition, advanced fume control technology updated basic principles, and emission source characterization and common smoke trapping methods are also discussed. Different gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides have their specific sensors and analyzers. Technology and equipment have been improved to measure gaseous emissions, such as tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, interferometric amplification reflection method, photoionization detection method, potentiostatic electrolysis, differential lidar, differential optical absorption spectroscopy, and photoacoustic spectroscopy.
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Baker et al. (1994) studied this question.