Longitudinal Patterns in Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulant Era: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Two-year patterns in antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with atrial fibrillation. The figure represents 2-year patterns in antithrombotic therapy after PCI in pre-NOAC era (A), transition era (B), and NOAC era (C). In all three cohorts, prescription rates of OACs were substantially low over the 2-year period, whereas DAPT was the major type of antithrombotic therapy after PCI. (left panel of A–C). VKAs were the dominant type of OACs in the pre-NOAC and transition era. However, NOACs were preferred to VKAs in all OACs regimens in the NOAC era (right panel of A–C). DAPT: dual antiplatelet therapy; OAC: oral anticoagulant; N: non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; SAPT: single antiplatelet therapy; W: warfarin.

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  Figure 2. Comparison of prescription rates of overall oral anticoagulants and non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants between the study cohorts. The figure shows the prescription rates of OACs (A) and the proportions of NOACs in overall OACs prescriptions (B) compared between the three cohorts in every 3-month time interval. In each period, the prescription rates of OACs and the proportions of NOACs were significantly increased from pre-NOAC to NOAC era. OACs: oral anticoagulants; NOACs: non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants.

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  Figure 3. Clinical factors associated with preference for oral anticoagulants use 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention. Old age (≥65 years), previous congestive heart failure, stroke or thromboembolism, and a high CHA2DS2-VASc score (≥2) were associated with OACs use at the 1-year period. In contrast, female sex, previous myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, dyslipidemia, chronic liver or renal disease were associated with no OACs use at the 1-year period. CI: confidence interval; OACs: oral anticoagulants; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.

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  Figure 4. Clinical factors associated with preference for oral anticoagulant monotherapy compared with combination regimens or antiplatelet-only therapy 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention. Among the clinical factors, previous gastrointestinal bleeding was associated with a preference for OAC monotherapy over combination regimens, whereas dyslipidemia was associated with a preference for combination regimens (A). Previous gastrointestinal bleeding was also associated a preference for OAC monotherapy than antiplatelet-only therapy. However, previous MI and dyslipidemia were associated with a preference for antiplatelet-only therapy (B). CI: confidence interval; OAC: oral anticoagulant; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.