Filling in the gaps: Examining the digital inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities in Poland

Background A range of barriers are preventing people with intellectual disabilities from accessing and using technology, resulting in significant digital inequalities. We need to understand how best to eliminate these inequalities. Objective The aim of the current study is to examine whether and how adults with intellectual disabilities in Poland access and use technology. Methods A total of 104 caregivers of adults with intellectual disabilities completed a questionnaire that addressed four key areas; use of technology, effectiveness of technology, factors facilitating or hindering effective technology use and evaluation of the importance of these factors. Results Participants identified significant benefits in communication, knowledge acquisition, and well-being, though challenges persist in accessing healthcare and social services. The degree of intellectual disability significantly influenced technology use and its perceived effectiveness, with caregivers of individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities reporting higher usage and effectiveness compared to those supporting individuals with severe intellectual disabilities. Key facilitating factors included the readiness of both caregivers and individuals with ID to engage with technology and access to suitable devices. Barriers included difficulties in teaching the person(s) with intellectual disabilities to use technologies and motivation to use it. Conclusions The results of this study help to address significant gaps in knowledge regarding the influence of geographical region and level of intellectual disabilities on the digital inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities.