Consensus-Based Lightweight Authentication for Blockchain-Integrated IoT Supply Chains Management

The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in supply chain management has seen significant growth in recent years. However, existing IoT-based supply chain systems depend on centralized server-client architectures, which introduce security vulnerabilities and create a single point of failure that can disrupt the entire network. To address these challenges, transitioning IoT systems to a decentralized platform is essential for ensuring data security, privacy, and reliability. This paper proposes a lightweight key agreement scheme for authenticating IoT devices in supply chains using blockchain technology. Blockchain enhances security by providing immutability, transparency, resilience, full traceability, and anonymity. Additionally, smart contracts foster trust and reliability among all supply chain participants. The proposed framework ensures confidentiality and mutual authentication between nodes. To validate its robustness, the scheme was simulated using AVISPA and Scyther tools, with results demonstrating strong resilience against potential attacks. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme achieves a computational cost of 0.0414 ms, demonstrating feasibility for resource-constrained IoT environments.