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This review aims to understand how perioperative stress and inflammation affect immune function and cancer progression.

Perioperative stress–inflammation–immunosuppression axis and tumor progression: mechanistic integration and anesthetic management strategies

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This review aims to understand how perioperative stress and inflammation affect immune function and cancer progression.
Integrated mechanistic evidence from experimental studies on the stress–inflammation–immunosuppression axis.
Summarized effects of anesthetic drugs and techniques on stress signaling and immune function.
Proposed a framework for individualized anesthetic planning.
Excessive activation of the stress–inflammation–immunosuppression axis may promote tumor cell survival.
Clinical outcomes depend on cancer type, stage, and perioperative care.
Anesthetic management strategies can reduce stress peaks and support immune function.

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Review integrates the stress–inflammation–immunosuppression axis in cancer surgery, suggesting anesthetic management impacts outcomes.

Ye et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Review integrates the stress–inflammation–immunosuppression axis in cancer surgery, suggesting anesthetic management impacts outcomes.