Investigates surface morphology and defects in anatase TiO2 crystals using atomic force microscopy, suggesting insights into their atomic structure.
The (101) surface of three different anatase TiO2 crystal samples is investigated using noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). For all samples, the overall surface morphology is stable and exhibits only minor variations in roughness after preparation. Samples reproducibly exhibit small metastable defects that appear either as protrusions or depressions, depending on the nature of the tip-terminating cluster. A comparison of atomically resolved images acquired in the two consistently observed complementary contrast modes to a surface structure model facilitates the tentative identification of surface atomic sites and defect sites.
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Evers et al. (2026) studied this question.
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