Rethinking Long-Term Follow-Up of CPAP Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Toward Personalized and Integrated Care

Background: Although the diagnostic and treatment pathway for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is well established, long-term management is still not standardized. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of studies published between 2000 and 2026 in PubMed/MEDLINE. Results: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) adherence and healthcare resource allocation remain the real critical issue of long-term management for OSA patients. Early proactive interventions like phone calls and early medical visits may be particularly valuable for improving CPAP nightly usage. Telemedicine, educated and trained home-care providers or primary care can lead to improved adherence, long-term monitoring and earlier identification of treatment-related issues. Patient-reported outcomes, comorbidities, endotypes, and phenotypic stratification should be integrated into follow-up management. Conclusions: OSA long-term care should shift from a device-centered approach toward a personalized, patient-centered model with the integration of multidimensional risk stratification, multidisciplinary care, telemedicine and primary care support.