The influence of digital twins on the rise of Industry 5.0: a scoping review covering future scope and research challenges

Industry 5.0 represents a paradigm shift toward human-centric, intelligent, and sustainable manufacturing systems. At the core of this transformation lies the Digital Twin (DT), a virtual replica of physical assets that enables real-time monitoring, simulation, and decision-making. This article presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of how DT technologies contribute to the realization of Industry 5.0 objectives across domains such as Smart Additive Manufacturing (SAM), Predictive Maintenance (PM), Cyber-Physical Cognitive Systems (CPCS), Intelligent Supply Chain (ISC), and Adaptive Scheduling (AS). By analyzing 125 peer-reviewed studies, we quantify the feature-wise attainment levels of Industry 5.0 and identify critical gaps in current implementations. The findings reveal that, while SAM exhibits the highest Industry 5.0 readiness, other features, such as cognitive systems, remain underdeveloped. The article concludes by outlining key research challenges and presenting a strategic roadmap to advance the real-world integration of DTs within Industry 5.0 frameworks.