The total cavity loss in several ruby lasers has been determined experimentally from a set of threshold measurements. Scattering loss and end-mirror reflectance were measured separately and the difference between these losses and the total attributed to diffraction. Both plane-parallel and confocal resonators were employed. Diffraction loss in the plane-parallel cavities was 25 ± 8% per pass while diffraction loss in the confocal cavity was 8 ± 8%. These values are in agreement with theoretical analysis within experimental error.
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R. L. Aagard (1963) studied this question.
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