Characteristics of Biointelligent Value Creation Systems

Biointelligent value creation systems (BVS) represent a fundamental reorientation for industrial value creation, in which biological, technical, and digital elements are systemically coupled to form decentralized, cellular networks that enable circular, adaptive, and resource-efficient production modes. While the concept of biointelligent value creation has gained attention, a structured characteristics model, describing and comparing BVS configurations across sectors, is still lacking. This paper addresses that gap by proposing a seven-dimensional set of characteristics for the qualitative description and comparative positioning of BVS across sectors and product categories. The characteristics model is derived from a PRISMA-guided literature review and qualitative content analysis and comprises: relational multiplexity, bio-variability manageability, networked production dispersion, lifecycle loop closure, data & participation permeability, governance & reward architecture, and adaptive & learning capacity. The model supports structured comparison rather than maturity assessment. Its applicability is illustrated through two contrasting scenarios that reflect the broad spectrum of BVS: a regionally organized residues-to-hydrogen network with low entry barriers, and a decentralized CAR-T cell mini-factory under strict regulatory constraints. The comparison reveals that there is no single ideal BVS architecture; rather, configurations differ in how they balance openness, controllability, and coordination requirements, depending on the context. The paper concludes by outlining steps toward empirical validation, domain-specific indicator development, and the gradual calibration of the characteristics model into an assessable scorecard.