The reduction of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere requires the implementation of several convergent technologies in different production sectors. The chemical industry can contribute to the issue with innovative synthetic technologies, which implement the principles of atom-economy, dematerialization, energy saving, and raw material diversification with carbon recycling. Such methodologies based on carbon dioxide utilization merge two issues, namely, avoiding the production of CO 2 and carbon recycling. In this paper, some options are discussed, such as the synthesis of carboxylic acids, organic carbonates, and carbamates/isocyanates. Synthetic processes of methanol from either CO 2 or CO are compared. The results of application of LCA to selected cases are discussed.
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Aresta et al. (2001) studied this question.