Making measurable progress in improving China's air and health

Ambient air pollution emanates from a dizzying array of combustion sources—eg, the burning of fuel for transportation, electricity, industry, agricultural burning, and home heating and cooking—and non-combustion sources, including construction and other dusts, off-gassing from agricultural practice, wastewater treatment, and many others. Populations across the globe are exposed to this complex mixture, and the latest health science estimates that it contributed to approximately 4·1 million deaths from heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, and chronic lung disease in 2016.