The use of several independent biochemical, physiological, morphological, and behavioral assays has resulted in the reassessment of the taxonomy of the gymnodinioid symbionts of marine invertebrates which belong to the genus Symbiodinuim Freudenthal (Dinophyceae). The formal description of the type species S. microadriaticum Freudenthal is augmented, and three new species are introduced; S. goreauii, symbiotic with the Caribbean sea anemone Ragactis lucida; S. kawagutii, harbored by the Hawaiian stony coral Montipora verrucosa; and S. pilosum, inhabiting the Caribbean zoanthid Zoanthus sociatus.
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Trench et al. (1987) studied this question.
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