Interaction of blood and tissue cells with foreign surfaces

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

The compatibility of candidate implant materials with living cells was evaluated in vitro . The materials and their interaction with living human blood and tissue cells were observed, recorded, and analyzed by means of reflected light interference microscopy. Blood cells–materials interfaces were prepared by incubating the materials in contanct with whole blood or platelet‐rich plasma. The interaction between the materials and the cells was examined either in a static or a dynamic flow system, and recorded by photography or cinemicrography. The tissue cell–materials interfaces were prepared by cultivating animal and human cells as a monolayer directly on the surface of the material to be evaluated. The resulting implant–cell specimens are suitable for histological fixation and subsequent analysis by modern evaluation techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis by electron microprobe. These studies can be performed on the same implant specimen before, and following its exposure to the biological material. Furthermore, separate analyses of the implant and biochemical analyses of the cells and culture medium can be carried out before and after the interaction. These techniques have been used to investigate the interaction of blood and tissue cells with a variety of promising implant candidate materials such as polymers, metals, glass, and carbon surfaces. As a result of these studies, a number of observations have been made which may be of practical significance to the design engineer in developing and evaluating the safety of prosthetic materials for use in the human body.