Utility of Novel Cardiorenal Biomarkers in the Prediction and Early Detection of Congestive Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery

Figures

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  Figure 1. Baseline and postoperative biomarker levels in patients who developed congestive acute kidney injury (c-AKI) vs. controls. **** Within group differences (baseline vs. postoperative) p < 0.0001. # Significantly different than control p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001. Φ Significantly different than control, right ventricular failure (RVF), and AKI, p < 0.05.

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  Figure 2. Cardiac index (A) and central venous pressure (B) in patients who developed congestive acute kidney injury (c-AKI) vs. controls. Hemodynamic variables were assessed preoperatively, upon admission to the intensive care unit and on postoperative day two. * Significantly different than baseline levels, p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001. ### Significant difference between c-AKI and control, p < 0.001.

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  Figure 3. Receiver operating characteristic curves for N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) (A), high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) (B), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) (C), and central venous pressure (D). Dotted lines are for baseline assessments, black lines are for postoperative assessments, and red lines are for change in levels (post-preoperative). AUC, area under the curve.

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  Figure 4. Lengths of stay in hospital (A) and ICU (B) and duration of mechanical ventilation (C) in patients who developed postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), right ventricular failure (RVF), congestive AKI (c-AKI), and controls. Data expressed mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.