Prospects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with HIV infection

Background Malignant neoplasms, including lymphomas, account for 28% of deaths in HIV-infected patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of the main approaches in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs). The aim of the work is a systematic analysis of data on existing approaches and prospects for HSCT in patients with HIV infection. Material and methods A systematic analysis of 66 articles, including 62 foreign ones, for 2009–2023 was carried out. The search for publications was conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, eLibrary, Google Scholar. Results and discussion HSCT is an indispensable component of the treatment of LPDs in patients with HIV infection, as well as a potential method for eliminating one of the HIV-1 reservoirs and controlling viral load. To reduce the likelihood of re-infection of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), it is advisable to use cells with the CCR5Δ32/Δ32 mutation. Due to high specificity and the possibility of wide application, the CRISPR/Cas-9 system seems to be one of the most promising methods for editing the HSC genome. Conclusion HSCT in HIV-infected patients is a necessary component in the therapy of LPDs, and can also be considered as a potential way to achieve stable and long-term remission of HIV infection, and requires further study.