Key result
Intrapericardial bleomycin for malignant pericardial effusion resulted in low recurrence rates (≤5%) and 3.5 days less hospitalization compared with doxycycline.
Why the study?
Pericardiocentesis for malignant pericardial effusion has high recurrence rates, and bleomycin has emerged as an intrapericardial sclerosing therapy that may reduce recurrence and improve quality of life.
Does intrapericardial bleomycin instillation reduce recurrence and adverse events in patients with malignant pericardial effusion compared to other treatments?
Systematic Review (n=242)
Does intrapericardial bleomycin instillation reduce recurrence and adverse events in patients with malignant pericardial effusion compared to other treatments?
Intrapericardial bleomycin is an effective and safe sclerosing therapy for malignant pericardial effusion, offering low recurrence rates and reduced hospitalization compared to doxycycline.
Supports bleomycin instillation to reduce MPE recurrence and hospitalization; extends evidence for sclerosing agents in palliative management.
Malignant pericardial effusion (MPE) is a progressive fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that can lead to pericardial tamponade. Despite the high recurrence rate associated with pericardiocentesis, it remains the mainstay therapy. Bleomycin has emerged as an intrapericardial sclerosing therapy that may reduce recurrence and improve patients' quality of life. This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety profile of bleomycin instillation in patients with MPE. An exhaustive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCO, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Eligible studies included MPE patients as participants who were treated with intrapericardial bleomycin, reporting the patients' outcomes and using English in the full text. Individual studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scales for cohort studies and the Jadad Scale for trial studies. Eight studies were included in this systematic review involving 242 MPE patients treated with bleomycin. Bleomycin demonstrated lower recurrence rates than other sclerosing agents, with only ≤5% of patients requiring repeated drainage because of recurrence. Bleomycin treatment resulted in 3.5 days less hospitalization compared with doxycycline. Bleomycin is also safe to use, with reported less severe pain compared with other treatment agents for MPE, such as doxycycline and pericardiocentesis. Bleomycin may benefit patients by reducing recurrence rates and improving patients' quality of life. Moreover, it is safe and has low rates of adverse events after the instillation.
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Siahaan et al. (2025) conducted a systematic review in Malignant pericardial effusion (n=242). Intrapericardial bleomycin vs. Other sclerosing agents (e.g., doxycycline) or pericardiocentesis was evaluated on Recurrence requiring repeated drainage. Intrapericardial bleomycin for malignant pericardial effusion resulted in low recurrence rates (≤5%) and 3.5 days less hospitalization compared with doxycycline.
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