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The ion source has as essential parts: 1. the discharge chamber with filament, 2. the furnace for the production of the gas (vapour), 3. the heated screens and the labyrinths, 4. the acceleration- and lens electrode, 5. the power supplies and cooling systems, 6. the arc stabilization. These parts are shown and explained. Especially a survey has been given of the five types of breakdown which can disturb a smooth ion production.
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Kistemaker et al. (1955) studied this question.
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