Children in Montevideo were studied in a number of different domains, including the street. These children were not fully integrated into street life and were largely based in welfare programmes. The differences in use of the street between children who worked and children who did not work were noted. The formation of an identity of street child was found to be a complex process resulting from children's relationships to and use of other domains.
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Riccardo Lucchini (1996) studied this question.