Effect of an Acute Resistance Training Bout and Long-Term Resistance Training Program on Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Resistance training (RT) and exercise is useful for preventing cardiovascular disease, systolic hypertension and stroke, which are associated with the stiffening of the larger central arterial system. The aim of this systematic review was to (a) understand the changes in arterial stiffness (AS) in various parts of the body measurement after acute RT bout and long-term RT, and (b) to determine the impact of exercise intensity on these changes in healthy individuals. A systematic computerized search was performed according to the PRISMA in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar with final selection of 23 studies. An acute RT bout led to a temporary increase in pulse wave velocity (PWV) regardless of the measurement method or intensity. A long-term RT at above an 80% repetition maximum (RM) have an ambiguous effect on PWV. A low-intensity RT or whole-body vibration training program decreased carotid–femoral PWV and brachial–ankle PWV (d = 1.02) to between 0.7 ± 1.4 ms−1 (p < 0.05) and 1.3 ± 1.07 ms−1 (p < 0.05) and improved other cardiac functions. A long-term RT of moderate (60–80% 1RM) or low intensity (<60% one-repetition maximum (1RM)) can decrease AS. Low and moderate intensity RT is beneficial to reduce high AS to prevent cardiovascular diseases.