Dynamic Pricing of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Alliances Under Information Asymmetry

Due to the centralization of charging stations (CSs), CSs are organized as charging station alliances (CSAs) in the commercial competition. Under this situation, this paper studies the profit-oriented dynamic pricing strategy of CSAs. As the practicability basis, a privacy-protected bidirectional real-time information interaction framework is designed, under which the status of EVs is utilized as the reference for pricing, and the prices of CSs are the reference for charging decisions. Based on this framework, the decision-making models of EVs and CSs are established, in which the uncertainty caused by the information asymmetry between EVs and CSs and the bounded rationality of EV users are integrated. To solve the pricing decision model, the evolutionary game theory is adopted to describe the dynamic pricing game among CSAs, the equilibrium of which gives the optimal pricing strategy. Finally, the case study conducted in an urban area of Shanghai, China, validates the practicability of the framework and the effectiveness of the dynamic pricing strategy.