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This study provides new insight into bone calcium balance in extreme environments using a novel and noninvasive approach of naturally occurring calcium isotopes. Decreases in fat mass and body mass provide evidence that participants were in energy deficit, but most reproductive and thyroid hormones remained stable. Whole-body and regional aBMD decreased. Group-level urine δ 44/42 Ca-a marker of bone calcium balance did not change across the expedition, but individuals displayed significant variability in responses.
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Coombs et al. (2025) studied this question.
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