Formulas available in the literature for the design of the physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements are discussed, and their validity is assessed. Their variations have been experimentally examined by analyzing a set of newly designed antenna elements with substrates satisfying the criterion h ≤ 0.0815λ0 for 2.22 ≤ ϵr ≤ 10.2, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength, h is the thickness, and ϵr is the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate. New formulas that can determine the antenna physical properties and the effective dielectric constant are empirically determined.
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Mehmet Kara (1996) studied this question.
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