Lipoma arborescens of the knee: A case report and comprehensive review

Lipoma arborescens is an uncommon intra-articular lesion characterized by the proliferation of mature adipocytes within the synovial membrane, primarily affecting the knee joint. We present a case of lipoma arborescens, 8x9x5 cm, in a 60-year-old male patient who presented with chronic knee pain and swelling. The clinical presentation and imaging findings initially raised suspicion for various joint pathologies, necessitating a comprehensive diagnostic approach. Advanced imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography, revealed characteristic features of fatty proliferation within the synovial cavity, confirming the diagnosis of lipoma arborescens. Histopathological examination of synovial tissue obtained through arthroscopic synovectomy provided definitive confirmation. The patient subsequently underwent successful surgical intervention, resulting in alleviation of symptoms and improved joint function. This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and emphasizes the need for further research to optimize therapeutic management for this rare intra-articular lesion.