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The Suzuki cross-coupling reactions between aryl halides (or triflates) and boronic acid derivatives are one of the most important palladium-catalyzed reactions. This paper discusses the examination of the Pd(0) nanoparticles by TEM. It also details the calculation of the turnover numbers (TONs) and the turnover frequencies (TOFs) as mol product/mol catalyst and mol product/(mol catalyst·hr).
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Pittelkow et al. (2003) studied this question.
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