Digital subtraction angiography is a useful minimally invasive modality for diagnosing intracardiac thrombus and secondary pulmonary embolization in patients with pacemaker leads.
May support DSA for combined diagnosis in select pacemaker cases; hypothesis-generating and leaves open need for prospective validation.
Pulmonary embolization in patients with implanted pacemakers is rare and an intracardiac thrombus attached to the distal end of a newly implanted ventricular endocardial electrode following removal of a previously implanted lead is a curiosity. We have documented such a case by digital subtraction angiography, a minimally invasive procedure that demonstrates both an intracardiac thrombus and secondary pulmonary embolization in a single procedure, which also allows simplified follow-up evaluation following therapy.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
NEUWIRTH et al. (1990) studied this question.