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Two situations are contrasted. First is a scenario in which a force (an interaction) is applied to a mass particle (or object) in order to increase its speed. When this particle is accelerated it gains kinetic energy. By means of electromagnetic interaction or repeated collisional impact, the mass particle may acquire ever greater speed and ever greater kinetic energy. But, by such means, the particle can never ever attain lightspeed. However, Nature has a noninteraction mechanism by which mass is compelled to travel at lightspeed and in doing so, the mass undergoes conversion to pure photonic energy. Under this noninteraction second scenario, the mass merely rests on the surface of a slowly collapsing gravitating body while the surface inflow of the space medium increases to its ultimate limit. With the aid of a schematic energy triangle, it is shown why lightspeed is unattainable under scenario #1; whereas lightspeed IS attainable under scenario #2 and in the process a total conversion of mass to energy occurs. Presented is a remarkably natural 100-percent conversion process that requires no new force, no new particle, and no radically new physics. Nor does it require changing any existing force. If theorists of the 20th century had recognized this mass-to-energy conversion mechanism, their understanding of gravitational collapse would have been radically different —it would have been perfectly natural.
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Conrad Ranzan (2020) studied this question.
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