Major metabolic diseases in dairy animals, nutritional aspects and treatment – A review

Modern dairy breeds are capable of producing enormous quantities of milk.Animals are subjected to stressful situations that can harm their health, effort to consume, digest and metabolize enough nutrients to meet lactation requirements.Metabolic illnesses like hypocalcemia, ruminal acidosis and ketosis are common problems and will completely affect the health and production of dairy animals.The majority of the health issues that result from such disorders are caused by the inability to metabolize enough nutrients.Proper nutrition can help minimize the prevalence of these illnesses.Furthermore, some specific measures provide extra benefits in the prevention of nutrition-related metabolic disorders.Basic physiological processes that must be preserved during the periparturient period to prevent metabolic disease include maintaining a strong immune system, adapting rumen and its microbes to lactation diets and maintaining calcium metabolism.Knowledge of these metabolic diseases and how to treat them must be known and updated for the successful management of dairy animals.This review aims to understand the significant nutritional metabolic changes that affect production and its appropriate mitigation strategies.