Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
The C3 equivalent dihydroxyacetone was used in its protected form in proline-catalyzed Mannich reactions (see scheme). As little as 5 mol % catalyst is required when using 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol as solvent. The reaction is improved further (reaction time 10 min) under microwave conditions. PMP=p-methoxyphenyl.
Westermann et al. (2005) studied this question.