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The objective of this brief review is to present the current status of our knowledge regarding the endocrine and behavioral responses to crowding stress in avian species. The main resultant of this social stress is reflected in partial reproductive failure and other physiological disorders. Epinephrine is possibly one of the principal hormones which play a substantial role in counteracting the stress situation. The present work also reports on several environmental factors which triggero the situation of social stress Finally the possible mode of action of stress response has also been discussed.
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Ghosh et al. (1983) studied this question.
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