Cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health with lifelong exercise

68 individuals including trained older women (n=7, 72±2 years) and men (n=21, 74±1 years) with lifelong exercise, old healthy nonexercisers (women: n=10, 75±1 years; men: n=10, 75±1 years), and young exercisers (women: n=10, 25±1 years; men: n=10, 25±1 years).

Aerobic lifelong exercise (average 5 days/week for 7 hours/week over the past 52±1 years)

Old healthy nonexercisers and young exercisers

Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and skeletal muscle metabolic fitness (capillarization and metabolic enzymes including citrate synthase, β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase)surrogate