However, the lack of concordance studies examining both urine and OF drug levels and kinetics in the clinical setting is of some concern The utility of OF as a sample matrix for the detection of drugs abuse is known time ago, since it can be used in various settings and situations, such as roadside drug testing and clinical and forensic case studies. OF is widely recognised as a tamper-resistant screening method, which can identify drug use as accurately as blood testing, given the high correlation between the two fluids. Hold et al.,
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Gutiérrez-Arroyo et al. (2015) studied this question.
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