A semiempirical, single-parameter equation describes the modulus of particulate systems This equation has been found applicable for thermoplastic/glass bead systems, and it is further verified for particulate thermosetting systems (epoxy and polyester matrices). The temperature effect on the modulus of epoxy/glass bead composites is also analyzed. Crazing characteristics calculated from tensile data of thermoplastic/glass bead composites are summarized and compared with literature results on the corresponding unfilled polymers. The effect of coupling agents and preliminary results on rigid foams are also presented.
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M. Narkis (1976) studied this question.