Dysphagia after stroke: a literature review

Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a frequent condition and affects 80% of stroke patients.It increases the risk of malnutrition, pneumonia, and reduced quality of life.Its main risk factors include brainstem infarcts, a high NIHSS score, advanced age, hypertension, and diabetes.Pathophysiology involves both sensory and motor dysfunction with reduced spontaneous swallowing and disruption in the swallowing neural network.Early diagnosis is essential, through videofluoroscopy or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation.Treatment combines rehabilitation, behavioral strategies, neurostimulation, and acupuncture being an alternative of treatment.Complications include malnutrition, pneumonia, and worsening quality of life.PSD worsens prognosis and requires a multidisciplinary approach to management.Despite advancements, more robust studies are needed to optimize treatment and improve clinical outcomes.