What content and methods are effective in developing cognitive enhancement programs for older adults with mild cognitive impairment?: A mixed-methods study

Early intervention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is effective in maintaining and enhancing cognitive function. This study aimed to assess characteristics and basic competencies of older adults with MCI, identify their needs and memorable experiences, and explore appropriate content and delivery methods for cognitive enhancement programs. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining survey data and in-depth interviews. A total of 130 community-dwelling older adults with MCI living in both urban and rural areas of South Korea participated. Quantitative data included sociodemographic characteristics, cognitive function, health literacy, basic physical capability, and mobile device proficiency; these data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. Qualitative interview data were analyzed using content analysis.The findings showed that participants had generally low levels of education, limited health literacy, and low mobile device proficiency, despite a high rate of smartphone ownership. Rural older adults with MCI showed greater vulnerability than urban older adults with MCI in level of education and mobile device proficiency. Interview results revealed a strong demand for cognitive enhancement programs and suggested that participants preferred content related to family, recreational activities, career, academics, and Korean traditional holidays.These results underscore the need for cognitive enhancement programs tailored to the specific characteristics of community-dwelling older adults with MCI. Effective programs should address their lower education, literacy, and mobile device proficiency and incorporate content reflecting their needs and experiences.