Global research trends and collaborations on small interfering RNA in cancer: insights and prospects (2002–2024)

Over the past two decades, research on small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based cancer therapies has advanced substantially; however, a comprehensive, data-driven evaluation of its translational trajectory remains limited. We retrieved 27,236 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (2002–2024) and conducted bibliometric analyses using Bibliometrix-Biblioshiny, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Global output showed an average annual growth rate of 23.8%, with China, the United States, and Japan as leading contributors. Cancer Research and PLOS ONE were the most prolific journals. Keyword co-occurrence and clustering analyses revealed a thematic shift from early gene-target discovery to nanocarrier-based delivery systems and siRNA–immunotherapy combinations, reflecting increasing interdisciplinary integration. Beyond bibliometric mapping, we critically examined translational strategies and clinical trial outcomes, identifying persistent challenges including carrier-related toxicity, tumor heterogeneity, and suboptimal pharmacokinetics. Innovative solutions, such as next-generation chemically modified siRNAs, advanced and personalized delivery systems, multi-target and combination therapeutic strategies, and PK-optimized localized or long-acting administration approaches, were highlighted.