What question did this study set out to answer?

To optimize a fly ash–carbide slag–bentonite-based backfill for reduced cement use and enhanced performance.

August 8, 2026MaterialsOpen Access

Response Surface Optimization of Fly Ash–Carbide Slag–Bentonite-Based Whole-Tailings Backfill: Multi-Objective Mix Design and Microstructural Mechanism

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Randomized trial optimizes performance in mine backfill materials, suggesting lower carbon use.

To optimize a fly ash–carbide slag–bentonite-based backfill for reduced cement use and enhanced performance.
Optimized backfill using Box–Behnken response surface design.
Investigated effects of replacement ratio, FA/CS ratio, and bentonite content on fluidity and strength.
Analyzed microstructural mechanisms via XRD and SEM.
Strength model exhibited the best fitting with significant statistical models.
Optimal mix found at A = 0.58, B = 2.71, C = 4.99% with validation errors below 5%.
Hydration products C-(A)-S-H gel and AFt linked to improved compressive strength.

Yao et al. (2026) studied this question.

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