Research on Mass-Energy Conversion and Energy Transfer Mechanism of Deuterium-Tritium Fusion under the Framework of Photon Origin Theory

The simplified model adopted by current deuterium-tritium fusion engineering theory directly divides the total released energy of 17.6 MeV from fusion reactions into directional kinetic energies of 3.5 MeV for alpha particles and 14.1 MeV for free neutrons. This calculation method can meet the needs of engineering accounting for tokamak devices, yet it is merely a macroscopic numerical approximation lacking a complete microscopic chain of mass-energy transfer. From the perspective of particle conservation, the total number of protons and neutrons remains completely unchanged before and after deuterium-tritium fusion, with no generation or annihilation of nucleons. Traditional binding energy theory cannot self-consistently explain the root cause of mass loss under the premise of conserved nucleon count. Based on the Photon Origin Theory and the photon energy threshold model of protons and neutrons, this paper demonstrates that nucleons within hydrogen isotopes naturally stay at a saturated high threshold for photon accommodation. After fusion into helium nuclei, the arrangement of nucleons becomes compacted, and all nucleons drop to a lower accommodation threshold. Excess native high-energy gamma photons are squeezed out of atomic nuclei, and the equivalent rest mass carried by photons corresponds to the observed mass loss. The energy carriers confined inside protons, neutrons and electrons all fall into the gamma photon category even at their lowest energy levels; no lower-band radiation such as visible light can be bound and stored inside particles. Once photons escape nuclear structures and become free photons, they can continuously lose energy through collisions in plasma and evolve into multi-band radiation. All energy released from fusion initially takes native high-energy gamma photons as carriers. As medium for energy transport, gamma photons undergo indiscriminate random collisions with various particles and cavity walls in plasma, transferring energy step by step via multi-stage scattering while continuously degrading in energy. This study points out that long-term neglect of the evolution process of native gamma photons in mainstream theoretical systems leads to inherent logical defects. Without photon media, it is physically impossible to explain how rest mass loss is directly converted into directional kinetic energy of nucleons. Furthermore, the existing simplified framework is fundamentally logically incompatible with the multi-stage transport mechanism of photons. Incorporating the evolution of native photons will break the self-consistent closed loop of the traditional binary kinetic energy distribution model, which constitutes an objective paradigm constraint why microscopic photon processes are rarely thoroughly discussed in fusion research. This paper fully reconstructs the entire physical process, covering the extrusion of high-energy photons caused by nucleon threshold contraction, full-space photon transport, multi-band radiation evolution and multi-path energy deposition. It uniformly interprets the distinct gamma radiation observation differences between tokamaks and hydrogen bombs, filling the microscopic logical gaps of traditional energy release theories under the constraint of conserved nucleon quantity.