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Chemistry paper reveals a complexity scale for molecules and connects atomic geometry to the origin of life.
In one breath: The Chemistry paper places every molecule on a single bounded complexity scale through R = (E - N)/(E + N) with hydrogen as the natural zero point, extends this to bond architecture through Ψ = (2E - N - B)/(2E + N + B), reveals atomic geometry as proton count scaled by half-turn constants, identifies water's perfect bond geometry, provides a quantitative criterion for planetary habitability, and traces the origin of life to interacting peptides—all unified by the bounded form (X - Y)/(X + Y).
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Corey Johnson (2026) studied this question.
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