We use a vector analyzer to investigate the impedance of a quartz oscillator, one face of which is exposed to a liquid. An aqueous LiCl – solution can be used to vary density and viscosity of the liquid over a wide range. The solution acts as an additional impedance with as well a real as an imaginary part. Furthermore, different electrical driver circuits have been used to excite the crystal vibrations. In most cases, our experimental results deviate from the predicted dependence of the crystal frequency from density and viscosity. These deviations are different for different driving circuits, but they do not change with the properties of the liquid.
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Beck et al. (1988) studied this question.