Key result
Respiratory virus co-infection, present in 35.6% of children with influenza, had no clinical or virologic impact on the disease course compared to influenza infection alone.
Why the study?
Advances in multiplex PCR have enabled simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses, prompting investigation into the clinical and virologic impacts of co-infections in children with influenza.
Does respiratory virus co-infection impact the clinical and virologic course in children with influenza treated with antivirals?
Cohort (n=73)
Does respiratory virus co-infection impact the clinical and virologic course in children with influenza treated with antivirals?
Respiratory viral co-infections, particularly human rhinovirus, are common in children with influenza but do not appear to impact the clinical or virologic disease course.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Co-infection common in treated pediatric influenza; leaves open whether it alters clinical/virologic response to baloxavir or oseltamivir.
BACKGROUND: Advances in multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have enabled the simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses. We aimed to estimate the clinical and virologic impacts of influenza and other respiratory virus co-infection in children. METHODS: We enrolled 38 and 35 children diagnosed with influenza and treated with baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) and oseltamivir, respectively. We performed quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to detect and measure the levels of noninfluenza viruses from 3 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected before and on days 3 and 5 after the initial antiviral dose. We assessed patients' clinical information using questionnaires. RESULTS: One or more respiratory viruses other than influenza virus were detected in 26 (35.6%) of 73 children before antiviral treatment. The influenza virus load and clinical characteristics on the day of influenza onset were similar between children with and without virus co-infections. Of the 26 and 32 children without the emergence of the reduced baloxavir and oseltamivir susceptible variants after treatment, 8 (30.8%) and 7 (21.9%) children were dually co-infected with human rhinovirus only, respectively. The level of human rhinovirus RNA on day 0 in these children was less than -3 log 10 that of influenza virus RNA, and the human rhinovirus co-infection had no impact on the disease course either clinically or virologically. CONCLUSIONS: When multiple respiratory viruses are detected in the same patient, it is necessary to assess clinical symptoms as well as the levels of detected viruses to determine which virus contributes to the development of illness.
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Sato et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Influenza with potential respiratory viral co-infections (n=73). Respiratory virus co-infection vs. No respiratory virus co-infection (influenza alone) was evaluated on Clinical and virologic impacts (influenza virus load and clinical characteristics). Respiratory virus co-infection, present in 35.6% of children with influenza, had no clinical or virologic impact on the disease course compared to influenza infection alone.
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