Incorrect responses from protective devices weaken the reliability of microgrids. This paper investigates the effects of the protection system on the reliability performance of a microgrid integrated with weather-dependent microsources. It relies on a stochastic model to simulate the challenges existing in current protection schemes designed for microgrids. Abnormal operating conditions, including overcurrent, overvoltage, and undervoltage, which are detected by a deficient protection scheme, are analyzed by a defined fuzzy virtual setting value. Their contributions, along with the conventional random failure rate achieved by statistical results, are jointly used to evaluate the short-term outage rate of a feeder. A series of fuzzy reliability indices is further proposed for the short-term and periodical reliability of both microgrid system and customers. Subsequently, an evaluation strategy, combined with fuzzy simulation and load restoration, is presented as a solution tool. Simulations on a test system are provided to support the necessity of considering the effects of protection operation in evaluating microgrid reliability.
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Xu et al. (2015) studied this question.
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