Induced movement in the visual modality: An overview.

Induced movement, illusory movement in a stationary stimulus resulting from adjoining movement, has received steady experimental investigation over the last 70 years or so. It is observed under different viewing conditions in a wide variety of displays that differ considerably in overall size and in form of inducing and induced stimuli. Explanations have been diverse, some being based on relations within the display and others invoking mediation by other aspects of the observer's perception. Probably, no one explanation can account for all forms of induced movement. Current knowledge about induced movement may have important implications for visual perception of object morion. Induced movement is one of a number of phenomena—including apparent movement, autokinetic movement, and movement aftereffect—in which movement is perceived, although the corresponding distal stimulus is physically stationary. It normally results from physical movement adjoining the stationary stimulus; the induced movement is in the direction opposite that of the adjoining movement. In a typical laboratory demonstration