Nisin/polyanion layer-by-layer films exhibiting different mechanisms in antimicrobial efficacy

and prevent biofilm formation. These results clearly demonstrate the effect of different polyanions on nisin LbL films to achieve different mechanisms in antimicrobial efficacy and show the potential of PAA-nisin multilayer films as promising local delivery systems for treatment of burns and wounds, while DX-nisin multilayer films can be employed as stable coatings against bacterial attachment and biofilm formation.