Cultural norms shape the reporting of child abuse: A study of news media practices in Pakistan

Child abuse is a growing social concern that requires critical attention. News media further play a critical role in highlighting this issue publicly on both macro and micro levels. Yet, news stories focusing on child sexual abuse potentially overlook the physical, emotional and neglect-related cases. Based on feminist theory, this study explores how cultural beliefs about male domination and domestic violence affect journalistic practices in Pakistan. Data were gathered using a convenience sampling approach from sixteen journalists licensed from the Islamabad Press Club. Results revealed that cultural norms and taboos, particularly related to male dominance and family privacy, lead to underreporting of physical and emotional abuse. It has also been found that journalists face challenges, including censorship and cultural resistance, and that news media usually prioritize political issues over social concerns. However, an optimistic outlook is evident regarding the future, with growing public awareness and the role of digital media. Participants believed that evolving cultural beliefs, alongside legal reforms and advocacy, would lead to more victim-centred investigative journalism, promoting broader social awareness of child abuse in the future. Finally, practical implications are proposed and limitations are discussed.