Static Non-Renewal Acute Toxicity of Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate on Adult Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in São Vicente, Cabo Verde

This paper presents the acute toxicity effects of Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate on adult Litopenaeus vannamei. The experimental treatments were 20 mg/L, 60 mg/L, and 80 mg/L CuSO4·5H2O, while mortalities after 96 hours were 20%, 100%, and 66.7%, respectively. Accordingly, the 96-h LC50 (Lethal Median Concentration) of copper to the adult L. vannamei was estimated to be 41.69 mg/L. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature were monitored every 24 hours. A positive relationship was observed between copper concentration and mortality, indicating that increased copper sulfate concentrations led to higher mortality rates. These findings suggest that precise control of copper sulfate concentrations is crucial in aquaculture to prevent toxicity effects and ensure successful shrimp farming. These findings contribute to safer aquaculture by establishing the threshold levels of toxicity that minimize environmental contamination and ensure ecosystem health.