Impact of Moving Scatterers on Vehicle-to-Vehicle Narrow-Band Channel Characteristics

A 3-D geometrical propagation model that includes both stationary and moving scatterers around the transmitter and the receiver for narrow-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V-to-V) communications is proposed. Based on the geometrical model, a 3-D parametric reference model for narrow-band MIMO V-to-V multipath fading channels is developed. From the reference model, the corresponding space-time correlation function (ST-CF) and space-Doppler power spectral density (SD-PSD) are derived for a 3-D nonisotropic scattering environment. Finally, the theoretical results are compared with measured data in an urban surface street and Interstate highway road surfaces. The close agreement between the analytically and empirically obtained channel statistics confirms the utility of the proposed model and shows the importance of including moving scatterers in propagation models.