Base-modification mRNA editing through deamination — the good, the bad and the unregulated

RNA editing is a co- or post-transcriptional process in which select nucleotide sequences in RNA are altered from that originally encoded in the genome. The mRNAs encoding apolipoprotein B and some glutamate receptor subunits of ionotropic membrane channels are edited by site-specific base-deamination systems. Although these editing systems differ markedly in their mechanism for RNA-substrate binding and in their catalytic subunits, recent results suggest potentially common solutions to the problem of editing-site selectivity. The data suggest that there are multiple editing complexes or 'editosomes', which manifest editing-site preferences due to their macromolecular composition.