Ten‐years, single‐center experience with arterial duct stenting in duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation: Early results, learning‐curve changes, and mid‐term outcome

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate early results, learning-curve changes, and mid-term outcome of arterial duct (AD) stenting in congenital heart disease with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation (CHD-DPC) in a high-volume, tertiary referral center. BACKGROUND: In spite of wide acceptance as cost-effective alternative to surgical palliation, AD stenting indications, results and mid-term outcome still largely depend on small series, experiences in particular subsets of patients or multicenter series with different approaches and interventional philosophy. METHODS: Between April 2003 and December 2013, 119 patients underwent AD stenting as lower-risk palliation of CHD-DPC at our Institution. Procedural and mid-term follow-up data of these patients are reported. RESULTS: The procedure was successfully completed in 93.3% of cases, with a complication rate and in-hospital mortality of 17.6% and 3.6%, respectively. No patient underwent rescue surgical shunt but elective Blalock-Taussig shunt was needed in 15 patients (13.5%). Over time, favorable trends toward higher feasibility and efficacy in complex ductal anatomy as well as lower procedural risk were recorded. Presurgical cardiac catheterization (n = 36) showed significant and balanced pulmonary artery (PA) growth (Nakata Index +113 ± 101%; left PA z-score +87 ± 52%; right PA z-score +97 ± 53%, P < 0.001 for all comparisons), without significant changes of left-to-right PA diameter ratio. PA growth was significantly better in patients with severely hypoplastic PAs at the time of duct stabilization (Nakata Index increase 194 ± 115 vs. 75 ± 61%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: AD stenting is feasible and effective at low-risk in a high percentage of patients with CHD-DPC, promoting significant and balanced PA growth mainly in patients with hypoplastic main PAs at duct stabilization.