Upcycling Real Waste Mixed Lithium-Ion Batteries by Simultaneous Production of rGO and Lithium-Manganese-Rich Cathode Material

impurities, which were previously proposed as effective doping species and can thus explain the improved electrochemical performance of recovered LMR. The GO recovered by filtration was reduced to rGO by using ascorbic acid. To evaluate the role of graphite lithiation/delithiation during battery cycling on rGO production, the implemented synthesis procedure was replicated starting from commercial graphite and from the graphite recovered by a consolidated acidic-reductive leaching procedure for metals extraction. Raman and XPS analysis disclosed that cyclic lithiation/delithiation of graphite during battery life cycle facilitates the graphite exfoliation and thus significantly increases conversion to rGO.